String theorist, mathematician and theoretical physicist Brian Greene talks about black holes, quantum gravity and the possibility of our Universe being a hologram. Brian Greene thinks string theory has potential to reconcile quantum gravity and general relativity.
He also brings attention to the question "Could the whole universe in fact be a hologram? This is not just a wild speculation but a theory that scientists take very seriously, even if they can not completely understand it.
The idea is that "everything is just a 2-dimensional projection" of the rest of the universe, and from this perspective, our three-dimensional world is actually a hologram.
According to Brian Greene, this is a hard idea even for physicists to fully grasp and they are still trying to really understand in detail what this would mean.
The holographic principle, came out of the study of the most extraordinary objects that are known to exist in the universe - black holes. They could hold the key to unlocking the next phase in our understanding of the laws of physics.
There’s a similarity of black holes and the big bang, in that both are space-time singularities where the laws of physics break down.
We think of the big bang as a moment when the entire observable universe was crushed to a very small size. So, according to Brian Greene, they’re kind of the same in some deep mathematical sense.
Stephen Hawking believed information that enters a black hole is lost forever. Many scientists believe that the information we see all around us is actually encoded on a big surface that surrounds us, a thin two-dimensional surface that sort of is like a hologram.
The holographic principle was given a precise string-theory interpretation by Leonard Susskind, a physicist at Stanford University.
According to this holographic Universe theory, our "reality" is also encoded in the structure of space itself. Like a normal hologram, such a universe would be fundamentally two dimensional.
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A grand challenge in modern theoretical physics is to find a ‘unified theory’ that can describe all the laws of nature within a single framework – connecting Einstein's general theory of relativity, which describes the universe on a large scale, and quantum mechanics, which describes our world at the atomic level.
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